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• ????? ???????? ??????? ??????????: ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ?? ???? ????????? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????????.

?? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????????

I. ???????
??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ?? ????????????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??????. ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????. ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????. ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????. ?? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????. ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????. ??? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? (???? ?????? ?????? ????? 20 ????? ?? ???????)? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ????. ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? Ra0.63 ～ 0.01 ??????. ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ????? (????? ??????? ????????)? ???????? ??????? (????? ???????) ???????? ?????? (????? ??????? ????????)? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????. ?? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????. ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??????.

??????.?????????

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????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ????? ?????. ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????. ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????. ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? (????? ??? ??????) ------- ?????? ??????.

IV. ???????

????? ??????? ????????????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????????? ???????????????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????.????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????. ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????????. ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????. ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??????????? ??????? (??? ??? ????????? ???? ???????? ???? ????????? ??????) ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????????. ???? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???? 5 ~ 30 ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? 25 ~ 150 ??????. ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? 250 ~ 500 ??? / ?? 2? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? 2320 ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? 2000 ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ω = 0.03NaCl ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??????. ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????. ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? (??? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ???) ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????. ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????????? ???? ????????? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???? ???? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????????. ??? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????????.

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1 、 ????? ?????? 2 、 ????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ??????.3 、 ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????. 

V. ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????.??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ????????? ????????.?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??:???????? ??????? ????? ????? (????? ????? ← ?????? ?????? ?????? ← ????? ????? ← ?????? ?????? ?????? ← ?????? ?????? ?????? ← ???????? ← ?????? ?????? ?????? ← ???????) ← ??????? ????????? ??????? ← ???????? ??????? ????? ????? (?????? ?????? ?????? ← ???????).

• 1- ????? ??????.????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? 60 ???? ????? (???? ???????) ???? 20 ????? ???????.
• 2、????? ?????? ??????. ???? ??????? 60 ???? ????? (????? ???????)? ????? 2 ?????.
• 3- ????? ?????.?????? H2SO4 ?? H2SO4 ?? HCl? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????????????? ??????? ?????? ? HCl ≥ 43 ????? ??????? ????? > 41 ????? ??? ?????? 1.5%? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? 10 20 ?????.
• 4 - ????? ?????? ??????.????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? 1 ?????.
• 5 - ??????????.???????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? (60 ℃ ?????? 10 ?????)? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????????. ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ← ??????.
• 6- ???????.?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? (???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????????) ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????.
• 7 - ??????? ????????? ???????.????? ?????? ?????????: H08-1 ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? 9%～12%? ??? ???? ????? ?????? 88%～91%. ?????: (70 ± 10) ????? ?????: 2 ～2.5 ?????? ???? ????? ??????: 15 ～35 ℃? ???? PH ??????: 8 ～8.5. ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????.
• 8 - ????? ??????.????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????.
• 9- ???????.???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? (165 ± 5) ???? ????? ???? 40-60 ?????. 
  

?????? - PVD

PVD ?? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????????? (??????? ????????? ??????)? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?????.????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ???????. ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??????. 

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(?????? ?????????) ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????????.?? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? (??? ??????)? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? (??????? ??????? ???) ??????? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ???. ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????????.

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???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???????.???? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ?????????? ????? ????????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ????????????? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ???. ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? / ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???. ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???. ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??????. ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????. ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? 30% ～ 40% ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? 65% ～ 85%. ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????.

X. ????? ???????

????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????.???????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????. ??? ????? ?????? ?????????. ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? "???" ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????.