????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????
???????:2025-06-23 ??????:??????? ??????:471
??????? ????????
??? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????.
????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????
1- ???? ??????
1 - ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????
-??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????.
-????? ????? ?????????
-??? ????? ???? ???? ??????
-????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????
-?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???????
2- ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????
????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ?????.
2 - ????? ?????? ???????
1 - ?? ??????
1930? ????? ?????? CNC
??? 1948? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? CNC
1952? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? (??????? ????? ?????????? ???????????).
??? 1958? ??? ???? ????? ???
1968? ????? ??????? ??????
1974? ?? ????? ???? (CNC)
1990? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????
? - ??????
??? 1958? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? (CNC)
1975? ??? ???? ????? ???
?? ????? ??????????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?????
????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????
3 - ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????
????? ?????: ?????? ??? ??????? (1952)
????? ??????: ??? ?????? ??????? ??????????? (1959)
????? ??????: ??? ??????? ????????? (1965)
????? ??????: CNC ????????? ??????? (1967)
????? ??????: ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? (1974)
??????? CNC
?????? ?????? ???????
?????? ?????? ????? ?????????
????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????
- ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????
- ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????
- ??????? ?????
- ?????? ????????? ??????? ????????
- ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???????
- ????? ????????? ?????????
????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????
????? ???? ??????? ????????.
2-???? ????? (????? ?????)
???? ?????? ??????? (??? ?????? ???? ??? ????)
???? 4 ????? (??? ?????)
?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? (??? ??????).
???? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????.
??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????
??????? ????? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???: ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?????????? ?????? ??????? (??? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ????????? ???????) ?????? ???? "??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????"? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? (???? ????? vc? ???????? fn? ???? ????? ap)? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????? CAM ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? NC ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????.
????? ??????? ???????? (???????? ???)?(?????):
- ????? ???????
- ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?
- ??????? ????????
- ????? ?????? ?? ?????? (???????/???????/?? ?????? ??????)?
- ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?
- ????? ???????
- ????? ????? ??????? ????? (??????? ??????? ????????/??????? ?????? ??????? ??????) ?
- ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?
- ????? ???????????
- ???? ???? ????? ??????? (Q) ?
- ????? ??? ????? (vc? fn? ap) ?
- ???? ??????
- ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?
- ?????? ????? ???????? (?????? ????????? ????? ?????????) ?
??????: ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? (?????? ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ??? ??? ???)? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????.
????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????? NC? ???????? ???? ????????? ???????? NC ??????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?? NC.
??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????. ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????. ?? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????.
????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????.
??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????.
??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????.
????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????????.
