??? ?????

????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????. ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? IT14 ~ IT11? ????? ????? ????? Ra ?? 50 ~ 12.5 ????????.

??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??: ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????.

1 - ??? ?????

(1) ??? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? (????? 1)? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????. ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? 12 ??. ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????????.

????? 1 ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???????

1-??????? 2-???? ??????? 3-???? ??????? 3-?????? 4-???? ?????? 5-??????

6-???? ???? ??????? 7-???? ?????? 8-??????

(2) ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? (????? 2)? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????. ???? ????????? 25 ??? 35 ??? 40 ??? 50 ??? ?????.

????? 2 ?????? ????? ????????

1-??????? 2-?????? 3-???? ??????? 4-???? ???? ??????

5-?????? 6-?????? 7-???? ??????? 8-????? ????????

3) ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? (????? 3). ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??????. ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???????.

????? 3 ?????? ????? ????? ????

1-?????? 2-????? ???? ??????? 3-???? ??????? 4-???? ??????? 4-?????? 5-??????? 6-????? ????????

2 、 ????? ?????

??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? 4. ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?? 12 ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? 12 ??.

????? 4 ??????? ???????

????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????. ????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? (????? 5) ??? ????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??????? 2φ ??? ???????? ???????? ??????. ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????????. ???? ???????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????.

3 - ?????? ?????

1) ????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???????. ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? (????? 6)? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? (????? 7).

????? 6 ????? ????? ????? ?????

????? ??? 7 ????? ??? 8

??? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? (????? 8).

(2) ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????. ????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????. ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? (????? 9). ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? (????? 10). ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ????? (????? 11). ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? V ???? ?????? (????? 12). ?? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? (????? 13).

????? 9 ????? 10 ????? 9 ????? 10

????? 11 ????? 12

????? 13 ???? ?????

1 - ???? ?????? 2 - ???? ?????? 3 - ???? ?????

(3) ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? (????? 14). ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???????. ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????. ??? ??? ???? ????? (???? ??? ????? L ??? ????? d ???? ?? 5)? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????.

????? 14 ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????

??????? (?? ????? ?????)

???? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? (????? 1?). ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? 1?. ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? IT10 ~ IT9? ????? ????? ????? Ra ???? 3.2 ????????.

????? 1 ??? ??????? ????????

???? ????

??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??????. ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????.

??? (?? ??? ???)

??????? ?? ????? ??????. ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????. ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? 3 ?? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ??? 0.05 ~ 0.15 ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??? IT8 ~ IT7? ????? ????? ????? Ra ??? ??? 0.8 ????????.

1? 1 、 ?????

???? ????? ?? ???????: ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? (????? 3 ?). ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????. ??? ????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????. ????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????. ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??????. ????? ??????? ??? 6 ??? 12 ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????.

2 、????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????????

(1) ????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ????????? ??? ????? 4 ??????? ????? ?????? ??? φ30.

????? 4 ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???????

2) ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????.

(3) ??????? ?????? ? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ? ???? ???? ?????? ? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ? ????? ??????? ? ???? ?????.

(4) ????? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ????. ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?????.

(5) ??? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????.

6) ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????.