?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????. ???? ??? 1300 ??? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? "???" ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ??? 0.1 ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? 0.0000 ??. ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? 0.1 ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? 0.001 ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????. ????? ?? ????????? ????? ?????????????????? ???? ????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? CNC ??????? ????????? ??????: ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? Y-???? Y? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? 400% ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ???? 5 ????????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????. ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??????????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????.

????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????

???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???? (??????? ??????) ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????.

?????? ??????	??? ???????	??????? ???????
1952	?????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? (MIT) ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????.	??????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????
1954	????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? CNC ?????? ?? ??????.	???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????
1959	????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? CNC ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????????	??????? ????? ???? ????????????? ?????? ?????????
1965	??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? CNC ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????	???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? (CNC)
1970	??? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????.	?? ????? ????????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????????.
1974	??? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????.	???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? CNC ???? ????? ???????
?? ????? ?????????? ??? ????? ???????????	????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? (CNC)? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????	???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???????.
1980s	?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????.	?? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????????
?????????? ??? ????	????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? CNC ????? ?????? ??????	????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????
2020s	????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ???????.	????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????

????? ????? ?????

???? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????. ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? 1300 ??? ??????? - ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????????.

??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????????? ???????. ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???. ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ???????.

??????? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????. ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????. ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? 601 ???????? 3 ???????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ???????.

---

??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????

?? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????. ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????.

???????

????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ?? 80% ?????? ?????. ???? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ????? V ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? 0.02 ??/?. ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ?????.

????? ??????

???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? 45-2000 ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??????. ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? Φ5-300 ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? 0.03 ??. ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????.

????? ???? ????? ??????

???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????/???????? ????? ????? ???? 6 ??/?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? 0.02 ??. ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? 15 ?????. ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? 60 ???? ?????? ?? 0.5-10 ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ± 0.01 ??.

??????? ???????? ????????

????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????: ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? (0.05-0.3 ??/?)? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? (??? ± 0.01 ??)? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????. ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????.

?????? ??????? ????????

???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ± 2 ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???????. ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?8 ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? 8 ????? ?? ??????? ???????. ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? -5° ??? 45°? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????.

??? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????

????? ??????

??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? 50 ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? 12 ????? ???. ??? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???? 351 ???????? 3 ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???????.

??????? ?????

??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? 0.05 ?0.12 ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? 4 ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? 0.03 ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? 0.1 ?? ??? 20 ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???????.

????????? ????????? ?????

???? ???? ????? ?? 1000 ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? (?????? 25 ????? ???????? ?????)? ?????? ????? ????????? (15 ?????)? ??????? ????? ?????????? (30 ?????)? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? 28%. ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? 8 ????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????.

??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????

?????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ???????????. ?? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????.

???? ??????

?? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??????. ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????????. ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? 1/10 ?? ??? ??????.

????? ????? ???? ?????????

???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????. ???? ???????? ????? ??? G ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ???????. ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? 60% ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ???????.

????????? ?????? ???????

???? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???????. ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????. ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? 30%? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? Ra0.8 ???????? ?? ???.

????? ?????? ???? ??????

???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? B ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? C. ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????????. ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ????? 3 ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? 40%.

????? ??????? ?????????

?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ?? 40 ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? 0.8 ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? RFID. ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? 85% ????? ????? ????? ??????????? ????? ????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????.

?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????

???? ????????	????? ????? ?????	????? CNC
??? ??????? ?????	± 0.05 ~ 0.1 ?? (??? ????? ??????)	± 0.005-0.005 ~ 0.01 ?? (?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????)
????? ???????	?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? (??? ???? ?????? 30 ????? ?????? ??????? ????????)	????? ????? ????? (????? ??? ????? ?? 5 ?????)
??????? ???????	????? ??? ???? (???? 3 ????? ?????)	????? ??????? ???????? (????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????)
??????? ???????	￥ 30,000 ??? 100,000 ?? (????? ?????????)	200,000 ?? ??? 2 ????? (???? 5 ?????)
???? ????? ????	????? ?????? ???????/?????? ??????? (?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??????)	???? ????? ??????? ?????/??????? (?????? ????? ??????? 5 ????? ???)
??????? ????????	????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????	??? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ????????? ???????? ??????
???? ??????? ??????	????? ??????? ?????? 3 ~ 5 ???????/???? (???? ????? ?????? ??????????)	????? ??????? ?????? 10 ~ 30 ???? ???/???? (??? ?? ??? ???? ???????/????? ???????)
????? ???????	???? ??????? ??????? ￥ 0.5 ￥ 0.5 ~ 10,000 (??????? ??????????? ???? ?????????)	???? ??????? ??????? ￥ 30,000 ??? 100,000 ?? (????? ??????? ??????? ???????)

---

??????? ??????? ??????? ???????

????? ??????? ???????

1. ????? ??? ?????? ??????
   • ?????? ??????? ???????: 1/10 ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? CNC
   • ??????? ????? ?????????: ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? (??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????)
2. ???? ?????? ?????
   • ????? ????? ??????????: ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????.
   • ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????: ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? 40%

????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????

1. ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????
   • ???? ??? 5 ?????: ???? ????? ????? ?????????? (??? ????? ± 0.005 ??)
   • ????? ?????? ???????: ?????/??????? ???????? (??? ???? ?????? ????? 3 ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????????).
2. ???? ????? ???????
   • ????? ?? ??????? <0.01 ?? ???????? ??? ????? ?? 2000 ????.
   • ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????:??????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? 99.7%? ???? ??? 82%

---

?????? ????????

?????????? ?????????	??????? ?????? ???	?????? ???????
???????/????? ??????? (??????? ??????)	????? ????? ?????	??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????????
???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? (??? ?? 100 ????)	????? CNC ????????	?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???????
????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? (>1000 ????)	????? CNC ????? ??????	??????? ????? + ???? ?????? ????? + ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? 40%
??????? ????? ??????? (??? ??????? ????????)	???? ??????? ???????? ?? 5 ?????	????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????.

?????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? CNC

????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????. ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????.

????? ??????? ???????? ???????

?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? CNC ??? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????????? (??? ????? 1) ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? 12 ????? ??? 3 ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ± 0.005 ??. ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?? 72 ??? 18 ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? 5 ????????.

????? ??????? ???????

????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?? ??????????? ???? ????????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????. ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? (????? ??? ??? ??? 15:1) ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? 500,000 ???? ????. ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? 0.2 ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????.

??????? ????? ???? ???? ????????

• ???? ??????:: ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ????????? ≤ 0.003 ??
• ???? ???????:: ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? (HRC60) ????? ??????? ????? ?????????
• ?????? ???????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? <0.01 ?? ??? 8000 ???? ?? ???????.

4 - ????? ??????? ??????

?????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? Ra0.2 ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????. ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? (M0.6×0.125) ??? ????? ?????? ?????? 0.01 ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? C? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?????.

5 - ????? ????? ??????

???? ????? ????? Inconel 718 ????? ??????? ?? ????? Inconel 718 ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? 40% ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????????? ?????? ???????.????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? 3 ????.

?????? ?????? ??????? ???????

?????? ???????	??????? ?????????	??????? ?????	??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????
??????? ???????	???? ??????????	± 0.005 ??	300%
????? ????????	???? ?????? ???????	??????? 0.003 ??	150%
??????? ??????	???? ???????	?0.2 ????????	200%
????? ??????	??????? ???????	???? 0.01 ??	250%

??????? ??????? ????????

??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????

????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ??????:

1. ????? ???????????? (1950-1970):
   • ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???? (??? ± 0.1 ??)
   • ???? ???????: ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? (CNC)? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? 200%.
2. ????? ?????? ?????? (1980-2000):
   • ????? ????? ????????? ???????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? (??? ± 0.02 ??)
   • ???? ????????: ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? 747? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?? 30 ????? ??? 7 ????
3. ????? ??????? ????? (2010 ??? ????):
   • ????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? Mazak iSMART Factory ?????? ??? ????? 0.0001 ??
   • ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? 15 ??? 3 ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????

??? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? CNC?

• ????????? ????? ???????:
  • ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? (??? ????? ?????? ≤ 0.8 ?????) ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? 60%
  • ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? (???? ?????? 30,000 ???? ?? ???????) ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????? 40%
• ???????? ????????:
  • ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? (MQL) ?????? ??????? ???? ????? 90%? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? 150,000 ??/????
  • ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? 25%
  • ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? 68% ??? 92%.

?? ???? ?????? CNC ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????????

• ??????? ????? ??????? ???????:
  • ????? ????? ???? 60 ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????
  • ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ± 0.005 ??? ??? ?? ???? 5 ????? ??? ??????? ?????????.
• ?????? ??????? ???????:
  • ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? 200 ????? ?? ??? ????.
  • ?????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? Ra0.1 ???????? (?? ????? ????? ??????)
  • ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???? 0.2 ?? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? 0.03 ??.