???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????: ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????????

???????:2025-01-19 ??????:??????? ??????:3048

??????? ??????? ???????? ???????

????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???????. ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???????.

1? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????

(1) ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????:

?. ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????;
?. ???? ?????? ??????? ???????;
?. ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???????;
?. ????? ??? ???? ???? ???????;

??? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???????: ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????;

(2) ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??:

?. ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????;
?. ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????;
?. ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????;
?. ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????.

(3) ????? ??????? ???????

?? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???????. ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???. ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????????.

(4) ???? ?????? ???????:

1) ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????.
2) ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??????.
3) ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????????. ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????.
4) ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ????.
5) ????? ??? ????? ?????.
6) ???? ??????? ??????.
7) ????? ??? ????? ??? ??????.
(8) ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????.
9) ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????.
10) ???? ????? ??????? (???? ??? ????).
11) ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????.
12) ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????.
13) ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????.
(14) ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????.

????? ??? ???? ???????

(1) ??? ????? ??????? ???????
?. ????? ???????? ???????? ????????;
?. ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????????;
?. ???? ??????? ??????? ? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????????.
(2) ??? ?????? (2)
??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????????. ??????????????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????. ???? ? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????. ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???????. ?? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????. ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??? 2.5 ~ 4 ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? 6 ??. ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? 1.

??????? ??? ??? ?????? ? × ? (??2)	????? ?????		??????????		????? ??????????		????? ????
	??? ?????? h (??)
	???? ??????	?????? ????????	???? ??????	?????? ????????	???? ??????	?????? ????????	???? ??????	?????? ????????
≤25	0.5	1.5	0.8	2.0	0.8	2.0	0.8	1.5
＞25-100	1.0	1.8	1.2	2.5	1.2	2.5	1.5	2.0
＞100-500	1.5	2.2	1.8	3.0	1.8	3.0	2.0	2.5
＞500	2.0	2.5	2.5	4.0	2.5	4.0	2.5	3.0

??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? 3:1 (??? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????).

??? ???? ???? ??????? (???? ?? ???? ??? ??????) ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? (????? ?????? ???????)? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????;

?? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????;

1) ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???????.

2) ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ????.

3) ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????.

?? ????? ???? ??????? ? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ? ?? ?????? ? ??????? ??? ?????? ? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ????. ?????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????. ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???????. ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? 0.3 ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ????. ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????????.

???? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????. ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????.

(3),????????? ???????

??? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? (???????? ????? ??????)? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????. ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????.

??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??????? R ?????? ?? 1 ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? 0.5 ??? ???? ?????? 2.

?????? 2 ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? (??)

????? ???? ???????	??? ??? ??????? R	????? ???? ???????	??? ??? ??????? R
????? ?????	0.5	??????????? ?????? ??????????	1.0
????? ?????????? ????????	0.5	????? ????	1.5

?????? 3 ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? (??)

???? ??????? ???????	????? ??????? (???????? ???)	??? ??? ??????? ?????????
??? ?????? ????????		rmin=Kh rmax=Kh R=r+h
??? ?????? ??? ??????	?	? ≥ (? + ?1)/3 ?= ? + (? + ?1)/2

??????: ①? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? K=1/4? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? K=1/2.

(?) ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????? 2.

??????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??????. ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??????.

????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????.

(4),????? ???? ?????

??? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????. ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????. ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? 4.

?????? 4 ????? ????? ???????

???????	???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????		???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????????
???????	????? ??????? α	????? ??????? β	????? ??????? α	????? ??????? β
????? ?????	0°10′	0°15′	0°15′	0°45′
??????????? ?????? ??????????	0°15′	0°30′	0°30′	1°
????? ????	0°30′	0°45′	1°	1°30′

??????: ①? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????.

②? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ≤ 50 ??? ?????? ????? ?? Ra0.1? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? 0.03 ??. ????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? > 50 ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????? Ra0.1? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????.

??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???:

???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ?????????? ????????
????? ???????	????? ???????	?????? ???????? (???? ????)
1°	1°30′	2°

?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ? ???? ????? ???????? ? ?????? ??? ?????? ? ??? ????? ???? ???? ? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ??????. ???????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????.

(5),??????????

???? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????.

??? ????:

① ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????????;

② ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????;

③ ???? ??????? ??????? ????????;

(4) ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??. ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? 1.5 ??? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????;

⑤ ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????.

??? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? 5:

???? ??????	t≤3	t > 3
t1	?1=0.6 ?0.6 ?~?
t2	?2=0.75 ?0.75 ?~?	(0.4-0.7)t
???????? ?	? ≤5?	(0.6-1) t
???? ?????? ??????? ?	? ≤0.5 ??
???? ?????? ??????? R	R≥ 0.5t~t
(? - ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? 6-8 ??)

???? ?? ?? ????? 2.5㎜? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????.

????? ???????: 1. ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????.

2 、 ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????.

3? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ????????.

4- ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???????.

??? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????. ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ????.

(6) ???? ???? ???????????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??????

1) ???? ????

???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? 5.

?????? 5 ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????

??? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????	???? ?????? ???? ?????? ? (??)		???? ??? ?????? (??)				???? ?????? ???? ??????
	???	???? ?? ??????? ??????	??? ????		???
	???	???? ?? ??????? ??????	d > 5	d < 5	d > 5	d < 5
????? ?????	1.5	0.8	6d	4d	12d	8d	0 ??? 0.3%
??????????	2.5	2.0	4d	3d	8d	6d	0.5 1 ???????? 3 ???????? ??? 11 ???????? 3 ????????
????? ??????????	2.0	1.5	5d	4d	10d	8d	0 ??? 0.3%
????? ????	4.0	2.5	3d	2d	5d	3d	2 % ~ 4%

??????: ①? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????.

②? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????.

??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???????????? ?????????? ?????.

??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????. ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????. ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ????.

??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? 6.

?????? 6 ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? (??)

??? ????? ?	M2.5	M3	M3.5	M4	M5	M6	M8
d2	2.30 - 2.40	2.75 ??? 2.85	3.18 - 3.30	3.63 ??? 3.75	4.70 ??? 4.85	5.58 ??? 5.70	7.45 ??? 7.60
d3	2.20 - 2.30	2.60 ??? 2.70	3.08 - 3.20	3.48 ??? 3.60	4.38 ??? 4.50	5.38 ??? 5.50	7.15 - 7.30
d4	≥4.2	≥5.0	≥5.8	≥6.7	≥8.3	≥10	≥13.3
??? ??????? ?	? ≥1.5?

????????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? M4 ? M5? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????:

	d2		d3		t
M4	3.84	0 -0.1	3.59	+0.1 0	10
M5	4.84	0 -0.1	4.54	+0.1 0	20

2) ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??????

?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? 2.

? ≥ (1/4 ??? 1/3/1) ?

????? ???? t < 4.5? ? ≥ 1.5 ??

3) ????? ?????? ??????? ?????

???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? 7.

?????? 7 ?????? ???????? ????????? (??)


??? ???????	????? ?????? ????????	????? ?????	??????????	????? ??????????	????? ????
???? ?????? ?????(?)	0.8	0.8	1.2	1.0	1.5
???? ??? H	≈10	≈12	≈10	≈12	≈10
?????? ?	≈10	≈12	≈10	≈12	≈8

??????: ??? ????? ????? (?) ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??.

(7) ??????? ??????? ????????

1) ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????. ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? 0.3 ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????.

2) ?????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????: "??? ?????? ??????"? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???????.

3) ??? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????.

????: ???????? ????????? (???????? ?????????) ???????? 0.7 ??? ?????? 1 ??? ??????? 60.5? ????? ??????? Φ34.5 ??? ?????? 104 ?????.

(8)????????

?????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?????????. ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????:

K=(???? L - ???? L)/???? L)/???? L

???: ?????? L ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? L ?? ??? ????.

????? ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????. ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???: 0.6? ~ 0.8? ???????? ????? 0.3? ~ 0.6? ???????? ??????. ?????? 5 ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????.

(9) ??????? (9)

1) ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ? ????? ??? ??? 0.2 ~ 0.3 ?? ??? ????? ???. ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? 0.75 ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? 6 ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? 8 ????? ??????.

2) ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ???????. ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ??????????? ?? ????? ???????.

???????	???? ?????? ?????? ????? (P)	???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????		???? ?????? ???? ??????
????? (????????)	0.75	???????? ??? ???	????????	???????? ??? ???	????????
????? (????????)	0.75	6	10	8P	5P
??????????	1	10	20	6P	4P

(10)? ??????

???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?? 0.3 ?. ??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? 0.2 ~ 0.3 ?? ??? ????? ???.

(11)? ??????

????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ?????????. ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????.

(12)? ???????

????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????:

① ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????;

② ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???????;

③ ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????.

?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????:

① ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??????;

② ??? ?? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????;

(?) ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????;

④ ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? 1.5 ??? 2 ??;

⑤ ??? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ????;

('6' ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???????;

⑦ ??? ?? ????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ?????????.

(13) ????????? ????????

??? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????. ????? 4 ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ????. ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??.

(14),????? ??????? ???????? ???????

?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ???. ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????.

????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? 8? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? 9.

?????? 8 ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????????? (??)

???????	≤100		＞100-250		＞250～400		＞ 400～630		＞630～1000
??????? ??? ?? ????	0.5	+0.4 -0.1	0.75	+0.5 -0.2	1.0	+0.5 -0.3	1.5	+0.6 -0.4	2.0	+1 -0.4

?????? 9 ????? ??????? ?????? ??? (??)

?????? ??????? D	≤6	＞6-10	＞10～18	＞18～30	＞30～50	＞50～60
??? ???????	0.05	0.1	0.15	0.2	0.25	0.3

??? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ?? 0.3 ??? 0.5 ??.

3 、 ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???????

??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? IT11? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ITl3.

??? ???? ???? ??????? CT: 4 ??? 6 (???? ?????? 8).

4? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? - ?????????? - ????? ????? ???????? ???????

??? ???? ???????	?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???????/?? ?? ???????	????? ?????? ???????	?????? ????? ???? ???????
??? ???? ???????	?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???????/?? ?? ???????	????? ?????? ???????	??? ?????? ?? ????????	????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????	????? ???? ???????? ???????	????? ????? ?????	?????? ???????? ???? ???????	??? ????? ???? ???? ??????? (???????? ????? ???????? ???????)
????? ?????????? ???????? ???????	14 ??? 17 ???	1.8	100g	1.4 ??? 1.7 ????	????? 10 ~ 40% 10 ~ 40%	0.06 ~ 0.1 ????/????	0.1 ~ 0.2 ????/????	1.56 ~ 2.00 ????/????.
?? ?????????? ???????	18~25k	2.68	148.9g	?? 2.68 ????? ??? 3.72 ?????	??????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??	?? ??? ????	??? ?? ????? ??????????	2.68 ~ 3.72 ????/????.
????? ????? ???????? ???????	28-38,000	7.1	394.4g	11.04~14.99	??????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??	?? ??? ????	??? ?? ????? ??????????	11.04 ~ 14.99 ????/????.

??????: ???? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????????.

??? ??? SF6: 8,000 ???????/????? (50 ?????)? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? 24 ????? ??????????: 22 ??? 32 ???????/?????? ???? ???? 12 ????.

?????? ??? ??????? ??????????
??? ??????		????? ?????? g/㎝3	???? ???????? ℃	???????? ???????? ???/??	??? ???? ???? ??????	?? ??????? ????????? Mpa	????????? %	???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??????	????? ???? ???? ??????
????? ?????????? (?? ???????)	AZ91	1.82	596	72	280	160	8	154	45
????? ?????????? (?? ???????)	AM60	1.79	615	62	270	140	15	151	45
????? ?????????? (????? ??????? ????????)	380	2.70	595	100	315	160	3	117	71
???????	??????? ????????	7.86	1520	42	517	400	22	66	200
?????????	????? ??????? ?????????	1.03	90 (Tg) 90 (Tg)	0.2	35	*	40	34	2.1
?????????	??????? ????	1.23	160 (Tg)	0.2	104	*	3	85	6.7