???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????
???????:2024-08-03 ??????:??????? ??????:2202
?? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????????? ???? ????????????? ???????. ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????. ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ????????
????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????????????? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??????.
1? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???????
?? ?? ??? ????????
???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??????.
?????? ??? ???????.
??? ??????? = K × (Ff + Ffa)
?? ????? ? K ?? ????? ?????? ? ??????? ?? ???? 1 ~ 1.3 ? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ? Ff ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ? Ffa ???? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????.
????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? = ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? × ????? ?????? × ????? ?????? K/1000 + ??? ????? ???????? N × ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? × ?? (????? ??????? ?????? ?????) × ????? ??????
???? ??? ???????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????.
2? ?????? ????????
?? ?? ?????????
???? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??????????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????. ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????.
????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????.
????? ????
- ??? ?????:: ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????.
- ?????? ???? ????? ????:: ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????.
- ???? ???? ??? ??????:: ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ????????.
????? ??????? ????? ????
- ???? ??? ????:: ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????????.
- ?????? ???????? ?? ?????????:: ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???. ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??????????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ????.
- ????? ??????? ??????? ??????:: ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????????.
???? ????????.
???? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???????.:
???????? ????? = (???? ???? ???? ???? ??????/???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???????) × 100%
?? ?????:
- ???? ????? ???? (mj): ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????.
- ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? (mym): ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????.
???????? 2 (?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????):
???????????? = (4?? ?? ??/πρmLD2)×100%
?? ?????:
- Gm:: ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????? (??).
- ρm:: ????? ?????? ??????? (??/?? ????).
- L:: ??? ???? ????? (??)
- D:: ??? ???? ????? (??)
??? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????.
3? ?????? ????? ??????
????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????. ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????.
- 1? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????
- 3? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????,
- 2 、 ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????
- 4? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????
- 5 、 ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????
- 6? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????
- 7? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?. ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? - - ???? ??? ??????? - - ????? ?????? - ??? ????? - - ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? K ?????? ????????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? 1-1.3 ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? K ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????.
4 - ????? ??? ????? ?? ????????
??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???????. ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????????????. ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? - ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???????. ???????? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? 25% --- 85% ?????. ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??????. ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????. ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??????.
- (1) ???? ???? s ?????? ????? ????? d: s = Лd2/4
- (2) ???? ??????? ? ????? ??? ???? ?: ? = ?2
- (3) ???? ??????? s ??????? ???? a ????? b: s = ab
- (4)? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ????????? ? ?????? ??? ??????? ? ????: ? = (? ?) ? / 2
