????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????
???????:2024-08-03 ??????:??????? ??????:3155
1 - ???? ????
??? ??? 1971? ????? ???????? D.B. Spencer ?M.C. Flemings ?? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? (???? ????????)? ?? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? Sr15% ??? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? (SSM) ???? ?? 20 ????? ?? ????? ????????. ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? (PSCA). ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????. ????????? ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??????. ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????. ??? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????. ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? 600 ?? ??? 2000 ?? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??? 7 ??? ?? ????. ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????. ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????.
2 、 ???? ???????
????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????. ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? (??? 0.5-0.6) ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????.
3 - ????? ???????
???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? (SIMA)? ?????? ??????? ????? (Spray)? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ???. ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? SIMA ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????.
3.1 ????? ????? ??????????
??? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? (???? ????????? ???????? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ?????)? ??????? ?. ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ???????.??????????????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?????????? ??????????. ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ZA-22 ???????? ???? ????? ???????. ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???????.
3.2 ????? ??????? ?????????????? 3.2 ????? ??????? ??????????????
??????? ?????????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????. ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??????: ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? C.Vives ?? ????? ?? ??? 1993? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???????? ?????????????? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???????.
3.3 ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? (SIMA)
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
3.4 ????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????
?? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???????. ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????.V.Dobatkin ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???????.
4 - ????? ???????
???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????:
(1) ???? ????????(???? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????. 1 ????? ???? ??????? 2 ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? 3 ???? ???? 4 ?????? 5 ????? ???? ??????? 6 ???? ????? 7 ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? R. Shibata ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????. ?? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????????. ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????.
(2) ???? ???????? ?????????? (2)(?????????? ?????????) ???? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????. ???? EOPCO? ????? HPM Corp? ????? Prince Machine? ????? THT Presses ?? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???? Buhler ?? ??????? ????? IDRA USA ????? Italpresse ????????? ?? ???????? ????? Producer USA ?? ????? ????? Toshiba Machine Corp ????? UBE ?? ???????. ??? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????. ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????.
(3) ????? ?????(????? ?????) ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? (????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????) ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???????. ??? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????????. ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ?. ?. ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????.
(4) ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? 0 ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????. ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????. ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????.
(5) ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? Flemings ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? Sn-15% Pb ????? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????. ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ????? ???? ???????. ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????. ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????. ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? Cu-Sn-P (Cu-8%Sn-0.1%P)? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? 1030 ℃? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????. ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????.
5 ??????? ???????????
???? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ????.
(1) ????? ???????
(1) ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????.
2) ?????? ???? ????? ??????? (??? ????? ?????????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?? 120 ???? ?????)? ??? ???? ??????.
3) ????? ??? ??????. ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????.
4) ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????. ??? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????.
(5) ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????????.
(6) ???? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ????.
(7) ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????.
(2) ???? ??????
1)???? ??????????????. ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ????.
(2) ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????.
(3) ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???????. ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???.
(4) ????? ?????? ???????? ????????. ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?????.
6? ????? ????????? ???? ??? ??????
6.1 ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????
AZ91HP ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? 720 ℃ ????? 10 ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? (Ar)? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????. ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ????? β ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? α ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????? (????? 2006? 55 (2): 120-125).
6.2 ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????
?? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???????. ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??????.
6.3 ????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? Al-6Si-2Mg
????? ?????????? Al-6Si-2Mg? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? 615 ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? 557 ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????. ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????????? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? 60 ~ 70 ?? ? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? 500 ℃? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? 560 ℃? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ??? 575 ℃? ??? ???????? ??? 2800KN ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??????. ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? α-Al ?? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? α-Al ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? α-Al ????? ???? ????. ??????? ??? ???????? ? Mg2Si ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? 540 ℃? 8 ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? 170 ℃? 6 ????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???????????: ??? ???? 340 ???? ??????? ??? ?????? 310 ???? ??????? ????????? 3.5% (Casting, 2005, 54(5): 475-478).
