???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ? ?????? ????????? (10 ~ 15 ??? / ????) ? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????. ??? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???????. ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????. ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ???????. ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????.

?? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????????

??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??????. ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????. ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????.

????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????: ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????. ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????.

???? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???????. ?????? ???? ????????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ????????. ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??????.

?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????.

???? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????

????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????????

??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? 10-15 ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? 30% ?? ????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ????? (0.02-0.08MPa) ????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????????. ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? 82% ??? 96%? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? 45%. ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????. ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ????????.

---

????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????

????????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????

?? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????. ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??????:

1. ??????? ??????? (???? ??????):: ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????????. ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? 60% ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? 4 ????? ?????/?????.
2. ??????? ?????? (??????? ??????????)???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????????. ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? 200 ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????.
3. ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? (??????? ??????):: ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????????. ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????????.

???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????

1 - ??????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???????

• ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????: ??? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? 3 ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????? (Kt) ??? 3.5-4.2? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????? A356-T6 (220MPa). ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????? R ?? 2 ?? ??? 5 ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? 315 ???? ?????? ??? 185 ???? ??????.
• ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????:: ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? 3:1? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??????. ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??????-??????? ?? ????? ?? 8 ?? ??? 3 ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? 280 ???? ??????.

2 - ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ????????? ???????

• ????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????:: ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?? 15 ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ?? 40 ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????. ??? ?????? ????? DOE ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ???? 25-30 ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? 7.2% ??? 0.8%.
• ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???????????? ???? ???? ????? ?? 120 ??/?????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? 40%? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??????. ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? (0.03 ???? ?????? ???????? ?0.06 ???? ?????? ???????) ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????.

3 - ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????

• ????? ???? ??????? ??????:: ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? 50 ℃? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? 0.8%? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ???????. ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ± 30 ℃? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ± 5 ℃.
• ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?? 3-8 ℃ / ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????.

---

???? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ????????

?1 - ?????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ?????

• ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? Φ60 ?? ??? Φ85 ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? 30 ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? 0.8-1.0 ?/?. ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? 70%.
• ??????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? (???????? ???????? ≤ 0.1 ???/?-?)? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? 40% ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ????????.

?2 - ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????

• ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???????:: ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????. ???? ?????? ????? ????? 12% ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? 18%.
• ?????? ?????? ??????:: ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? 1:4 ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? 1.5 ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? 295 ???? ?????? ??? 175 ???? ??????.

?3- ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????

• ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????:: ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??? 320 ???? ????? (?????? ?????? ????????) ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? 280 ???? ????? (???? ?????? ???????). ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ± 3 ℃.
• ??????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? 8 ?????.

---

??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????

???????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????:

1. ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????:: ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? 35%.
2. ????? ????? ????? (????? ????? ??? ????? ??????):: ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ???? 0.2 ??? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ≤5 ℃ ?? ????? ???????.
3. ????? ?????? ???????? ???????:: ???? ????? ???? MAGMAsoft ????? ANSYS ??? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?? 12 ??? 3 ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? 60%.

---

?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????

???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????:

• ?????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????
• ??????? ???? ??????? ???????:: ????? 12 ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? (????? ?????? ≤ 0.15%) ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? (????? ASTM E505).
• ?????? ???:: ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? 16-24 ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? 45 ?????
• ???????? ??????:: ???? ??????? ????? ?????????? ≥95%? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? 28%.

---

??????? ??????? ????????

1 - ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????
???? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? (≥3000 ?????-?)? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? (????? ????? ?????? 40% ?? ??????? ?????????) ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? 5%-8%.

2- ??? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????

• ?????? ???????: ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??????
• ????? ??????: ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????
• ?????? ?????? ?? ???????: ???? ????? ????? Cl ??? ??? ???? (??? EDS)

3- ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???????
????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? 5,000 ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? 25%? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? (??????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? HRC 45).

4- ?? ?? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????
?? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?? 0.11 TP3T? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? 201 TP3T ????.